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snippet: Historical mean near-surface air temperature over Mecca for 1993-2025.
summary: Historical mean near-surface air temperature over Mecca for 1993-2025.
accessInformation:
thumbnail:
maxScale: 5000
typeKeywords: []
description: <DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN>This raster layer shows historical mean near-surface air temperature over Mecca for 1993-2025. The input data were derived from ERA5 reanalysis, clipped to the study area, and temporally averaged at each grid cell to produce the historical mean temperature surface. This layer provides the observed thermal baseline used to evaluate recent warming and compare with future temperature projections. It is relevant for understanding evaporative demand, thermal desiccation, soil-moisture persistence, and the availability of dry sediment for wind-driven dune mobility.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
licenseInfo:
catalogPath:
title: Historical mean near-surface temperature for 1993-2025
type:
url:
tags: ["Climate","Temperature"]
culture: en-US
portalUrl:
name:
guid:
minScale: 150000000
spatialReference: