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Description: Arabian Peninsula geological map 1: 4 000 000 compiled by the U.S. Geologic Survey and the Arabian American Oil Company under the joint sponsorship of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Directorate General of Mineral Resources, and the U.S. Department of State in 1963
Description: The Landsat GeoCover dataset is a collection of high resolution satellite imagery provided in a standardized, orthorectified format, covering the entire land surface of the world (except Antarctica). It is also called GeoCover circa 1990 and circa 2000. The data is expressed in sretched image values.
Description: Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) - RGB Band Ratio Image (5/7, 5/1, 5/4 * 4/3) Spatial Resolution: 30 meters. The data is expressed in stretched image values.
Description: Soil moisture data was obtained from the remote sensing dataset aquired from AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer) that was later processed using RESDEM (remote sensing data extraction model). The soil moisture data is expressed in volumetric values (m3 m-3).
Description: Soil moisture data was obtained from the remote sensing dataset aquired from AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer) that was later processed using RESDEM (remote sensing data extraction model). The soil moisture data is expressed in volumetric values (m3 m-3).
Description: Soil moisture data was obtained from the remote sensing dataset aquired from AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer) that was later processed using RESDEM (remote sensing data extraction model). The soil moisture data is expressed in volumetric values (m3 m-3).
Description: Soil moisture data was obtained from the remote sensing dataset aquired from AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer) that was later processed using RESDEM (remote sensing data extraction model). The soil moisture data is expressed in volumetric values (m3 m-3).
Description: Soil moisture data was obtained from the remote sensing dataset aquired from AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer) that was later processed using RESDEM (remote sensing data extraction model). The soil moisture data is expressed in volumetric values (m3 m-3).
Description: Soil moisture data was obtained from the remote sensing dataset aquired from AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer) that was later processed using RESDEM (remote sensing data extraction model).
Description: Soil moisture data was obtained from the remote sensing dataset aquired from AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer) that was later processed using RESDEM (remote sensing data extraction model). The soil moisture data is expressed in volumetric values (m3 m-3).
Description: Lithological variations often contribute to differences in strength, weight, and permeability of rocks and soils, which in turn can affect the weathering of rocks and thickness of generated soils. A soil weathering index map was generated using lithologic and textural information portrayed in geologic maps, topographic characteristics, and inferences from remote sensing to classify each pixel in the study area into one of four groups in accordance with the inferred levels of weathering and soil thicknesses. Foliated mafic rock units (e.g., amphibolite schist) on gentle slopes or flat areas are more likely to give rise to highly weathered thick soils than massive granitoids exposed on steep slopes. Highly vegetated areas (bright on NDVI images) were considered to have highly weathered thick soils. Soils rich in hydroxyl-bearing clay minerals appear as bright areas on Landsat TM band 5/7 ratio image.Legend: Pink: slightly weathered or fresh, blue: moderately weathered, yellow: highly weathered, and green: completely weathered or residual soil.
Description: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's digital elevation model (DEM) obtained from ASTER satellite images. Spatial resolution 30 meters. The data is expressed in meters.
Description: The slope angle is one of the most important factors that control debris flows and all other types of mass movements. In general, we expect an increase of debris-flow occurrences with increase in slope angle up to a point where the steepness of the slope prohibits soil layer development and debris accumulation. Wide variations (0° to 84°) in slope angles are observed in the Jazan province.
Description: The slope aspect is defined as the direction of maximum slope from north. Even though studies did not definitively demonstrate a relationship between debris-flow susceptibility and slope aspect, it is commonly reported that the aspect is an indicator of exposition to preferential wind directions, precipitation regimes, sunlight impact,and discontinuity orientations,and thus it is considered a significant predisposing factor. In the Jazan province, slope aspect generally tends in all directions.
Description: Landscape shape dictates slope stability in steep terrain by concentrating or dispersing water in the landscape. The TPI is an index that reflects the morphology of the topography. The three basic hydro-geomorphic units useful to assessing debris-flow susceptibility are 1)divergent (convex; positive TPI value); 2) planar (flat; around 0); and 3) convergent (concave; negativeTPI value) slope segments. Debris flows frequently occur in slope depressions, shallow ducts,and gullies that are characterized by terrain concavities. The TPI image was generated by applying the Jenness algorithm that considers the surrounding cells up to a certain distance. We calculated the TPI using varying neighboring radiuses (range: 20m to 500m) and conducted a contingency test to identify the most suitable radius, which was found to to be 100m. TPI ranges in the study area from -145.5 (blue) to 141.5 (red).
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Description: TWI is commonly used to quantify topographic control on hydrological processes and as an indicator for conditions favoring debris-flow development throughout precipitation events, namely saturated soil conditions and sediment and matter accumulation. A TWI thematic map was generated using the following equation: TWI = ln(A/tan(S)), where Ais the local upslope catchment area draining through a certain pixel in square meters and S is the local slope gradient in degrees.TWI ranges in the study area from 2.4 (gray) to 31.6 (pink).
Description: SIR-C (Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C) is an imaging radar system launched aboard the NASA Space Shuttle twice in 1994, SIR-C's unique contributions to Earth observation and monitoring are its capability to measure, from space, the radar signature of the surface at two different wavelengths and make measurements for different polarizations at those wavelengths.
Description: SIR-C (Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C) is an imaging radar system launched aboard the NASA Space Shuttle twice in 1994, SIR-C's unique contributions to Earth observation and monitoring are its capability to measure, from space, the radar signature of the surface at two different wavelengths and make measurements for different polarizations at those wavelengths.
Description: Runoff plays an important role in the initiation and propagation of debris flows; therefore, the distance to drainage channels was investigated as being a potential indicator for the distribution of debris flows. The drainage network was delineated using standard stream delineation techniques (Topographic parametrization (TOPAZ) technique),and the distance to stream was computed as a continuous function quantifying the proximity of each pixel across the study area.Distance to drainage line ranges in the study area from 0m (yellow) to 254.9m (blue).
Description: SPI measures the erosive power of surface runoff and thus, the index is a predictor variable of areas susceptible to debris-flow processes. The SPI map was generated using the following equation: SPI=ln(A*tan(S)), where A is the local upslope catchment area draining through a certain pixel in square meters and S is the local slope gradient in degrees. SPI ranges in the study area from -6.3 (yellow) to 19.1 (red).
Description: The drainage basins were delineated from 10m Digital Elevation Model, by identifying ridge lines between basins. The drainage basins are created by locating the pour points at the edges then identifying the contributing area above each pour point.
Description: The transportation network coverage was provided by the Saudi Geological Survey. It includes bridges (purple), car tracks (green), roads (brown) and tunnels (blue).
Description: The utility network coverage was provided by the Saudi Geological Survey. It includes pipelines (blue) and power transmission lines (yellow/black).
Description: The streams were generated using standard techniques for stream delineation such as the TOPAZ technique. This technique compares the elevation of each pixel to its surrounding eight points. These comparisons will allow the identification of the direction to which the water will flow. It is from the central pixel to the surrounding pixel that has the lowest elevation of the surrounding eight pixels. The process is repeated until the streams are delineated across the entire image. This process was applied on a 10m resolution DEM.
Description: The streams were generated using standard techniques for stream delineation such as the TOPAZ technique. This technique compares the elevation of each pixel to its surrounding eight points. These comparisons will allow the identification of the direction to which the water will flow. It is from the central pixel to the surrounding pixel that has the lowest elevation of the surrounding eight pixels. The process is repeated until the streams are delineated across the entire image. This process was applied on a 30m resolution DEM.
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with roads. We found 3455 intersections of streams with roads. These should be inspected in the field to find out whether proper drainage systems were installed in these intersections or not. The 7 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the roads with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5), stream order 6 (O6) and stream order 7 (O7).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with roads. We found 3455 intersections of streams with roads. These should be inspected in the field to find out whether proper drainage systems were installed in these intersections or not. The 7 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the roads with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5), stream order 6 (O6) and stream order 7 (O7).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with roads. We found 3455 intersections of streams with roads. These should be inspected in the field to find out whether proper drainage systems were installed in these intersections or not. The 7 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the roads with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5), stream order 6 (O6) and stream order 7 (O7).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with roads. We found 3455 intersections of streams with roads. These should be inspected in the field to find out whether proper drainage systems were installed in these intersections or not. The 7 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the roads with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5), stream order 6 (O6) and stream order 7 (O7).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with roads. We found 3455 intersections of streams with roads. These should be inspected in the field to find out whether proper drainage systems were installed in these intersections or not. The 7 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the roads with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5), stream order 6 (O6) and stream order 7 (O7).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with roads. We found 3455 intersections of streams with roads. These should be inspected in the field to find out whether proper drainage systems were installed in these intersections or not. The 7 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the roads with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5), stream order 6 (O6) and stream order 7 (O7).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with roads. We found 3455 intersections of streams with roads. These should be inspected in the field to find out whether proper drainage systems were installed in these intersections or not. The 7 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the roads with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5), stream order 6 (O6) and stream order 7 (O7).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with buildings. We mapped a total of 7984 houses, of which 430 houses were found to be within the buffered stream zones. The 6 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the buildings with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5) and stream order 6 (O6).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with buildings. We mapped a total of 7984 houses, of which 430 houses were found to be within the buffered stream zones. The 6 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the buildings with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5) and stream order 6 (O6).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with buildings. We mapped a total of 7984 houses, of which 430 houses were found to be within the buffered stream zones. The 6 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the buildings with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5) and stream order 6 (O6).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with buildings. We mapped a total of 7984 houses, of which 430 houses were found to be within the buffered stream zones. The 6 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the buildings with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5) and stream order 6 (O6).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with buildings. We mapped a total of 7984 houses, of which 430 houses were found to be within the buffered stream zones. The 6 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the buildings with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5) and stream order 6 (O6).
Description: The hazard map shows the intersection of all buffered streams with buildings. We mapped a total of 7984 houses, of which 430 houses were found to be within the buffered stream zones. The 6 layers of this hazard map are the intersection of the buildings with stream order1 (O1), stream order 2 (O2), stream order 3 (O3), stream order 4 (O4), stream order 5 (O5) and stream order 6 (O6).
Description: The hazard map shows the areas that are prone to debris flows. The larger the slope and the lesser the vegetation, the greater the chances for debris flows to occur. We extracted a relationship for the study area that adequately describes the interplay between these two factors, the intensity of vegetation and the steepness of the slope. Using known locations of debris flows (from field and satellite observations), we extracted the slopes and NDVI values for picture elements (pixels) that we identified as representing the onset points for each of these debris flows. These values were plotted on an X-Y plot, where the slope is plotted on the X-axis and the NDVI value on the Y axis. A linear regression was then used to identify the equation of a straight line that best fitted the points with the steepest slope and the smallest NDVI values. Knowing the equation of the straight line, we can then substitute all pixels of all streams in the equation to test whether the examined stream pixel is on the line (value = 0), above the line (value: +ve), or below the line (value: -ve). A coverage was constructed from points that are on or above the line; this coverage represent locations along mapped stream lines that are susceptible to debris flow. An additional condition was enforced, the positive points had to be outside the areas mapped as terraces.
Name: Debris Flows Related to Sparsely Vegetated Slopes
Display Field: objectid
Type: Feature Layer
Geometry Type: esriGeometryPolygon
Description: The hazard map shows the areas that are prone to debris flow caused by overland flow on sparsely vegetated slopes. Given the steep slopes of the mountains in the terrain, the high precipitation, one would expect that overland flows must play a role in transporting eroded material down slope (Horton, 1933). As is the case with organized debris flows along streams, one would expect that in general, the steeper the slope, and the less the vegetation, the more likely overland flows will occur. Again, we considered that areas covered by terraces are less likely to be susceptible to overland flow. We used a minimum slope of repose of 40° as a condition for overland flow to occur. This angle was selected based on reported angle of repose for rock units similar to the ones in our study area, such as granites (Barton 1974, Wylie 1992). Another condition that we set for overland flow to occur is sparse vegetation. The lesser the vegetation, the more likely that overland flow will be effective in transporting debris down slope (Horton, 1933; Scott 1971; Wells et al. 1987; Weirich 1989; Florsheim et al. 1991). Only barren or nearly barren slopes were considered as subject to overland flows. Only the steep slopes with NDVI values of less than 0.09 were considered prone to overland flow occurrence. The third condition has to do with the presence or absence of terraces. Overland flow is less likely to occur in areas where terraces were established. Terraces have the effect of increasing infiltration and reducing runoff.
Description: The hazard map shows the distribution of areas affected by overland flows resulting from man-made structures, in particular brutal road curves.
Description: Hazard map showing the predicted distribution of hazardous weakness zones; these are picture elements within weakness zones that are more likely to witness failure by motion on fracture planes.
Description: Hazard map showing the distribution of hazardous slopes; these are picture elements that are more likely to witness failure by motion on fracture planes.
Description: Hazard map showing the distribution of hazardous slopes along roads; these are picture elements that are more likely to witness failure by motion on fracture planes.
Description: The contoured elevation map shows locations of potential historical landslides; these areas appear as domains of gentle slope surrounded by areas with steep slopes. Those openings have no terraces on them.
Description: The contoured elevation map shows locations of potential historical landslides; these areas appear as domains of gentle slope surrounded by areas with steep slopes. Those openings have terraces on them.
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Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Selected bands were determined to be spectrally similar to the bands used by Sultan et al. (1986) 4/8, 4/1, 4/3*2/3. The data is expressed in stretched image values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Selected bands: 137, were determined to be spectrally similar to bands used in Landsat 247 images. The data is expressed in stretched image values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/1 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/3 was multiplied by 2/3. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/6 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/7 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/8 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Selected bands were determined to be spectrally similar to the bands used by Sultan et al. (1986) 4/8, 4/1, 4/3*2/3. The data is expressed in stretched image values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Selected bands: 137, were determined to be spectrally similar to bands used in Landsat 247 images. The data is expressed in stretched image values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/1 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/3 was multiplied by 2/3. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/6 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/7 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/8 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Selected bands were determined to be spectrally similar to the bands used by Sultan et al. (1986) 4/8, 4/1, 4/3*2/3. The data is expressed in stretched image values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Selected bands: 137, were determined to be spectrally similar to bands used in Landsat 247 images. The data is expressed in stretched image values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/1 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/3 was multiplied by 2/3. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/6 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/7 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/8 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Selected bands were determined to be spectrally similar to the bands used by Sultan et al. (1986) 4/8, 4/1, 4/3*2/3. The data is expressed in stretched image values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Selected bands: 137, were determined to be spectrally similar to bands used in Landsat 247 images. The data is expressed in stretched image values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site.The data was then reflectance calibrated using method proposed by Alistair M.S. Smith ( http://www.cnrhome.uidaho.edu/default.aspx?pid=85984 ). The data is expressed in unitless reflectance values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/1 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/3 was multiplied by 2/3. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/6 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/7 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.
Description: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data aquired L1A from USGS GLOVIS. Orthorectified with manually selected ground control points from Landsat 247 GeoCover 1990 acquired from NASA's Zulu site. Ratio product 4/8 was calculated by a division of values for coincident pixels. The data is expressed in unitless values.